Water Affinity to Epitaxial Graphene: The Impact of Layer Thickness

The sensitivity to water vapour of one‐, two‐, and three‐layer epitaxial graphene (1, 2, and 3LG) is examined in this study. It is unambiguously shown that graphene's response to water, as measured by changes in work function and carrier density, is dependent on its thickness, with 1LG being the most sensitive to water adsorption and environmental concentration changes. This is furthermore substantiated by surface adhesion measurements, which bring evidence that 1LG is less hydrophobic than 2LG. Yet, surprisingly, it is found that other contaminants commonly present in ambient air have a greater impact on graphene response than water vapor alone. This study indicates that graphene sensor design and calibration to minimize or discriminate the effect of the ambient, in which it is intended to operate, are necessary to insure the desired sensitivity and reliability of sensors. The present work will aid in developing models for realistic graphene sensors and establishing protocols for molecular sensor design and development.     

高占空比时的Charlie多路复用

最近出现了几篇文章．介绍了一些新奇的方法．旨在增加微处理器借助数量有限的引脚所能驱动的LED的数量（参考文献1）。标准的多路复用方法是由于多位七段显示器而流行起来．而在引脚稀少的设计方案中．它已让位于“Charlie多路复用（Charleplexing）”。     

Unbonded post tensioned concrete in fire: A review of data from furnace tests and real fires

The fire-safe design of concrete structures, which incorporate post-tensioned prestressing tendons, has recently been the subject of debate within the structural engineering community, particularly when unbonded post-tensioned (UPT) prestressing tendons are used. Despite several studies aimed at furthering our understanding of the response of UPT concrete structures in fire, many aspects of their response in real fires remain poorly understood. An exhaustive summary of available test data, which have been used over the past five decades to generate fire design guidance for UPT concrete structures is given. Case studies showing the response of real UPT structures in severe building fires are also discussed. In both cases, the intent is to highlight inadequacies in the current state of knowledge for UPT buildings in fire and to prioritize areas for future research.     

拍卖:及时、有效的商业解决方案

拍卖会如何帮助您节省时间和金钱设备管理从事施工的人员都非常清楚:为了保持竞争优势,必须能够在最快的时间内从一个项目转移到下一个项目。完成这种转移的一部分工作内容便包括工具和资源的妥善管理,在很大程度上也就是两类关键资源的管理:人员和设备。设备管理经理一方面要合理控制成本,另一方面还要保证有足够的设     

Synthesis,characterization and comparative OFET behaviour of indenofluorene–bithiophene and terthiophene alternating copolymers

The synthesis of alternating copolymers of tetraalkylindenofluorene with bithiophene and terthiophene using Suzuki polycondensation route is reported. We report on the optical and electrochemical properties of these copolymers. AFM analysis of the microscopic morphology of thin deposits showed that the copolymer with terthiophene units produced the more ordered films, with well-defined fibrillar structures, resulting from highly-regular dense packing due to strong π–π interchain interactions, in contrast to the amorphous bithiophene copolymer. Upon testing these materials in FETs the terthienyl copolymers displayed the higher charge mobilities among the studied compounds, with values of over 10^?4 cm² V^?1 s^?1 being obtained.     

Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of FRP Rehabilitated Pipes

The goal of this paper is to present work that demonstrates the application of probabilistic modeling to evaluate the long-term performance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rehabilitated piping components. The time-dependent reliability index is evaluated for a fully deteriorated piping component rehabilitated with FRP considering the demands of internal fluid pressure, external soil pressure, and traffic loading. Carbon FRP (CFRP) and glass FRP (GFRP) composites are compared and the influence of material deterioration, fiber volume fraction (FVF), and variation in thickness of the composite are assessed using a first order reliability method and compared to a steel pipe under similar loading. A CFRP rehabilitation scheme having a FVF greater than 40% would be needed to exceed the as-built reliability index of a steel pipe under time-dependent composite deterioration, while no practical GFRP FVF can achieve the performance of steel pipe in the presence of time-dependent composite deterioration. Variations in the coefficient of variation (COV) can adversely affect the safety of both FRP rehabilitation schemes where an increase in COV from 10 to 30% result in decreases in the reliability index by 39.4% for CFRP (40% FVF) and 39.7% for GFRP (40% FVF).     

Long-term fairness with bounded worst-case losses

How does one repeatedly choose actions so as to be fairest to the multiple beneficiaries of those actions? We examine approaches to discovering sequences of actions for which the worst-off beneficiaries are treated maximally well, then secondarily the second-worst-off, and so on. We formulate the problem for the situation where the sequence of action choices continues forever; this problem may be reduced to a set of linear programs. We then extend the problem to situations where the game ends at some unknown finite time in the future. We demonstrate that an optimal solution is intractable, and present two good approximation algorithms.